OFM Hospital Antalya Associate Professor A.Burak Bilgin (Retina Treatment)

Amniotic membrane is the innermost layer of the placenta consisting of a thick basement membrane and an avascular stromal matrix. It can been used as a graft and as a dressing to facilitate ocular surface reconstruction and to promote healing.

Anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, also known as anti-VEGF therapy or anti-VEGF medication, is the use of medications that block vascular endothelial growth factor. This is done in the treatment of certain cancers and in age-related macular degeneration.

Artificial cornea is an option for transplant patients who cannot tolerate a human donor cornea.

Astigmatism is an imperfection in the curvature of your eye's cornea or lens. Normally, the cornea and lens are smooth and curved equally in all directions. This helps to focus light rays sharply onto the retina at the back of your eye. When your cornea has an irregular shape, you have corneal astigmatism.

Superficial debridement or lamellar keratectomy in band keratopathy is usually effective in restoring normal vision. Although medical therapy is ineffective in treating band keratopathy, underlying conditions associated with elevated levels of calcium or phosphate should be treated to prevent deposition from recurring.

Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by abnormal blinking or spasms of the eyelids.

An orbital blowout fracture is a traumatic deformity of the orbital floor or medial wall, typically resulting from impact of a blunt object larger than the orbital aperture, or eye socket.

Capsulotomy is a type of eye surgery in which an incision is made into the capsule of the crystalline lens of the eye.

In cataract surgery, the lens inside your eye that has become cloudy is removed and replaced with an artificial lens (called an intraocular lens, or IOL) to restore clear vision.

In cataract surgery, the lens inside your eye that has become cloudy is removed and replaced with an artificial lens (called an intraocular lens, or IOL) to restore clear vision.

A chalazion is a benign, painless bump or nodule inside the upper or lower eyelid. Chalazia (plural for chalazion) result from healed internal styes that no longer are infectious. These cyst-like nodules form around an oil gland (meibomian) within the eyelid, resulting in red, swollen eyelids.

Conjunctiva cyst removal is a surgery performed to remove cysts ( a thin sac filled with fluids) formed on the surface of the conjunctiva of the eye (white surface covering the eyeball) if they cannot be treated with eye drops or medication.

Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is an in-office eye procedure that strengthens the cornea if it's been weakened by keratoconus, other corneal disease, or (rarely) a complication of LASIK surgery. Alternative and brand names for the procedure include corneal cross-linking, corneal collagen cross-linking, C3-R, CCL and KXL.

Corneal Abrasion. The cornea is the clear area in the center of the front of the eye through which we see. When the cornea is scratched, the injury is called a corneal abrasion. Most of the time, small corneal abrasions will heal in a few days. A doctor may prescribe drops.

A pachymeter is a medical device used to measure the thickness of the eye's cornea. It is used to perform corneal pachymetry prior to refractive surgery, for Keratoconus screening, LRI surgery and is useful in screening for patients suspected of developing glaucoma among other uses.

Corneal topography, also known as photokeratoscopy or videokeratography, is a non-invasive medical imaging technique for mapping the surface curvature of the cornea, the outer structure of the eye.

A cornea transplant (keratoplasty) is a surgical procedure to replace part of your cornea with corneal tissue from a donor. Your cornea is the transparent, dome-shaped surface of your eye that accounts for a large part of your eye's focusing power.

Retinal detachment describes an emergency situation in which a thin layer of tissue (the retina) at the back of the eye pulls away from the layer of blood vessels that provides it with oxygen and nutrients. Retinal detachment is often accompanied by flashes and floaters in your vision.

Diabetic retinopathy involves changes to retinal blood vessels that can cause them to bleed or leak fluid, distorting vision. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of vision loss among people with diabetes and a leading cause of blindness among working-age adults.

Entropion/Ectropion Repair. Ectropion is the most common lower eyelid malposition. It is often an aging change resulting in eyelid laxity allowing the lid to sag away from the eye. Mild cases may not visibly turn away from the eye but can cause tearing, irritation, and/or dryness of the cornea.

Enucleation is the removal of the eye that leaves the eye muscles and remaining orbital contents intact. This type of ocular surgery is indicated for a number of ocular tumors, in eyes that have suffered severe trauma, and in eyes that are otherwise blind and painful.

Exophthalmos (also called exophthalmus, exophthalmia, proptosis, or exorbitism) is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit. Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Graves' disease) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor).

Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) is a category of eye surgery in which the lens of the eye is removed while the elastic capsule that covers the lens is left partially intact to allow implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL).

Cancer of the eye is uncommon. It can affect the outer parts of the eye, such as the eyelid, which are made up of muscles, skin and nerves. If the cancer starts inside the eyeball it's called intraocular cancer. The most common intraocular cancers in adults are melanoma and lymphoma.

An eye exam involves a series of tests to evaluate your vision and check for eye diseases. Your eye doctor may use a variety of instruments, shine bright lights directly at your eyes and request that you look through an array of lenses. Each test during an eye exam evaluates a different aspect of your vision or eye health.

An eye exam involves a series of tests to evaluate your vision and check for eye diseases. Your eye doctor may use a variety of instruments, shine bright lights directly at your eyes and request that you look through an array of lenses. Each test during an eye exam evaluates a different aspect of your vision or eye health.

Eye muscle surgery is a surgery to correct strabismus (eye misalignment) or nystagmus (eye wiggling). The surgery involves moving one or more of the eye muscles to adjust the position of the eye or eyes. Eye muscle surgery requires general anesthesia to make your child sleep during the procedure.

Glaucoma is a condition that causes damage to your eye's optic nerve and gets worse over time. It's often linked to a buildup of pressure inside your eye. Glaucoma tends to be inherited and may not show up until later in life.

Intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) are small synthetic im- plements designed to achieve refractive adjustment by flattening the cornea.

Intraocular lenses (IOLs) are medical devices that are implanted inside the eye to replace the eye's natural lens when it is removed during cataract surgery.

An intravitreal injection is a shot of medicine into the eye. The inside of the eye is filled with a jelly-like fluid (vitreous). During this procedure, your health care provider injects medicine into the vitreous, near the retina at the back of the eye.

An iridectomy, also known as a surgical iridectomy or corectomy, is the surgical removal of part of the iris.

A cataract surgery–type incision is made at the site of iridodialysis or iris disinsertion. A double-armed, 10-0 polypropylene suture is passed through the iris root, out through the angle, and tied on the surface of the globe under a partial-thickness scleral flap.

Intraocular lenses (IOLs) are medical devices that are implanted inside the eye to replace the eye's natural lens when it is removed during cataract surgery.

This is generally lost as the person ages or following cataract surgery wherein the natural lens is replaced with a monofocal intraocular lens. Presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses (IOLs) including MFIOLs provide spectacle independence for both near and distance vision.

LASEK is an eye surgery that combines many of the benefits of other vision correction surgeries. Laser epithelial keratomileusis, or LASEK, combines benefits of the two most commonly performed procedures LASIK and PRK.

LASIK, which stands for laser in-situ keratomileusis, is a popular surgery used to correct vision in people who are nearsighted, farsighted, or have astigmatism.

Neuro-ophthalmology focuses on conditions caused by brain or systemic abnormalities that result in visual disturbances, among other symptoms.

An ocular prosthesis, artificial eye or glass eye is a type of craniofacial prosthesis that replaces an absent natural eye following an enucleation, evisceration, or orbital exenteration. The prosthesis fits over an orbital implant and under the eyelids.

Oculofacial plastics is a specialized form of surgery that focuses on aesthetic and reconstructive aspects of the face, eyelids, the brow, orbital bones, tear duct system, and nose.

Ophthalmology consultation is one of the commonest requested services for inpatients before undergoing any eye surgery or treatment. The ophthalmologist will discuss any of the patient's concerns and will examine the eyes.

Pediatric ophthalmology is a sub-speciality of ophthalmology concerned with eye diseases, visual development, and vision care in children.

Phacoemulsification is a modern cataract surgery in which the eye's internal lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic handpiece and aspirated from the eye. Aspirated fluids are replaced with irrigation of balanced salt solution to maintain the anterior chamber.

PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) is a type of refractive surgery to correct myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness) and astigmatism. PRK was the first type of laser eye surgery for vision correction and is the predecessor to the popular LASIK procedure.

Pneumatic retinopexy is an effective surgery for certain types of retinal detachments . It uses a bubble of gas to push the retina against the wall of the eye, allowing fluid to be pumped out from beneath the retina. It is usually an outpatient procedure done with local anesthesia.

Presbyopia is a condition associated with the aging of the eye that results in progressively worsening ability to focus clearly on close objects

A pterygium (plural, pterygia) is a type of noncancerous growth on your eye. Pterygium, also known as surfer's eye, causes the eye to become, dry, itchy, red, watery, and in some cases, it may affect the vision. The condition is acquired by excessive exposure to the sun, wind or dusty conditions.

Pathologic droopy eyelid, also called ptosis, may occur due to trauma, age, or various medical disorders.Adults get ptosis (called involutional ptosis) when the levator muscle stretches or separates away from their eyelid. This can be caused by aging or an eye injury. Sometimes ptosis happens as a side effect after certain eye surgery. Rarely, diseases or tumors can affect the eyelid muscle, causing ptosis. This condition is sometimes called "lazy eye", but that term normally refers to the condition amblyopia.

Corneal erosion affects the cornea, the clear dome covering the front of the eye. ... If the problem occurs repeatedly, it is called recurrent corneal erosion. ... Without treatment, your eyes may continue to experience this erosion.

Retinoblastoma treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, laser therapy, heat or cold therapy or surgery to remove the eye.

Sub-Bowman keratomileusis (SBK) is sometimes referred to as “bladeless LASIK” and is used to treat farsightedness (hyperopia), nearsightedness (myopia), presbyopia, and astigmatism. Combined with wavefront technology used to map the surface and interior of the entire eye, it is more precise than ever.

Scleral buckling surgery is a common way to treat retinal detachment. It is a method of closing breaks and flattening the retina. A scleral buckle is a piece of silicone sponge, rubber, or semi-hard plastic that your eye doctor (ophthalmologist) places on the outside of the eye (the sclera, or the white of the eye).

Squint (also known as strabismus) is a condition that arises because of an incorrect balance of the muscles that move the eye, faulty nerve signals to the eye muscles and focusing faults (usually long sight). Many children with squints have poor vision in the affected eye.

Staphyloma is the term given to an eye whose scleral-uveal coats are stretched with the uveal protrusion. This most commonly occurs posteriorly, although anterior staphyloma also is recognized. As opposed to coloboma, staphyloma defect is located off-center from the optic disk, typically temporal to the disk.

Strabismus is a visual problem in which the eyes are not aligned properly and point in different directions. One eye may look straight ahead, while the other eye turns inward, outward, upward, or downward. The eye turn may be consistent, or it may come and go. Which eye is straight (and which is misaligned) may switch or alternate.

A trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure to treat glaucoma. Glaucoma occurs when the fluid your eye produces, called aqueous humor, is unable to drain normally. This causes the intraocular pressure (IOP) to increase over time, possibly resulting in vision loss or blindness if left untreated.

Uveitis is a broad term for many problems with your eye. What they have in common is eye inflammation and swelling that can destroy eye tissues. That destruction can lead to poor vision or blindness. The word “uveitis” is used because the swelling most often affects the part of your eye called the uvea.

Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure undertaken by a specialist where the vitreous humor gel that fills the eye cavity is removed to provide better access to the retina. This allows for a variety of repairs, including the removal of scar tissue, laser repair of retinal detachments and treatment of macular holes.

A vitrectomy is an operation to remove the vitreous gel from the inside of the eye. This is necessary in order to carry out procedures that cannot be performed with the fluid in its place. The vitreous is a clear jelly-like substance which occupies about two-thirds of the eye, lying between the lens and the retina. Composed of over 99% water, it also contains collagen fibres, proteins and hyaluronan.